?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 10% ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????.*??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????*??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????.
??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????*1809 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????*Mary Kies ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????.
[h=5]??????: ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???.[/h]???? ????? ??????? – Liquid Paper
????*Bette Nesmith Graham ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? 1950 ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????.
?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? Mistake Out. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???*Liquid Paper ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 1958. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. [1*2]
?????? ??????? – Dishwasher
?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????*Josephine Cochrane ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? 1883? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 1886. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. [1*2*3]
???????? ??????? ?? ??????? – Kevlar
??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????*Stephanie Kwolek*?? ????*DuPont ??? 1946 ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? 1964 ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???*Kevlar ???????? ?? ????? ?????????????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. [1 2]
??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? – Paper Bag
Margaret Knight ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????.
?? ???*1870 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????*Charles Annan ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???*1871.
?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??? 20 ????? ??????? ???? ??????. [1*2*3]
?????????? – Monoply
?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????*Elizabeth Magie ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? Landlords*???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????Georgism ? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1904 ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1906. ????? ??????? ?????*??? ???? ?????*Charles Darrow ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????Monoply ? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? 500 ?????. [1**2]

??????? ??????? – Waterproof Diapers
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? 1951? ?? ???*Marion Donovan ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?*???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? keko ???? ??? 1961 ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. [1*2] *
?????? ???????- Solar House
???? ??????? ??????????*Maria Telkes ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? 100%. ?????? ?? ??? 1947 ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. [1 2*3]
???? ???????? ??????? – Central Heating System
???? Alice H. Parker ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1919 ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????. [1]
???? ????????? ???????? – Laser Cataract Surgery Device
????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? Patricia Bath ?? ??? 1988 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [1 2 3]
???? ??????? ????????? – Binary Numbers
????? ??? ???????? ???*Ada Lovelace ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? (???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???) ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 1829? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????*Byron ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????Augustus De Morgan ? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????*Charles Babbage ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????*punched cards ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????.
???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????*”?????????”. [1*2*3]
????? ?????? ??????? – Anti Pollution Devices
?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????Mary Walton ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ??? 1879 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 1891 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????.*[1 2*3]
??????? ?????? ??????
???? Edith M. Flanigen ???????? ??? 1929 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 102 ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? “??????? ????????” ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. [1 2*3]
????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????
?? ???? ???*Marie Curie ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???. ????? ???? ????*??? 1867 ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? 1895 ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? Pierre Curie. ??? ??????*Henri Becquerel *??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????. [1 2 3]
???? ???????? ??????? – Stellar Classification System
?????*Annie Jump Cannon ?? ??? 1863 ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? 500,000 ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????*??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. [1 2*3 4]
???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????
?????? ?????: ???? ????



[h=3]??????: ???? ????[/h]?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
?????? ??? ?????: