اتقان اللغة الانجليزية عن طريق التعليم الذاتي

    • اتقان اللغة الانجليزية عن طريق التعليم الذاتي

      أقدم لكم هذا الموضوع البسيط حول بعض الأساليب والمداخل المفيدة للتعلم الذاتي (Self-learning) للغة الإنجليزية وقد تعمدت كتابته باللغة العربية حتى يسهل استيعابه علما بأن معظم محتوى هذا الموضوع نتيجة لتجربة شخصيه أتمنى أن تستفيدوا منها كما أتمنى أن تكون طريقة سليمة أكاديميا.
      إن تعلم لغة ما حاله حال أي من العلوم وهو ضرورة وجود الرغبة في التعلم وحب الاستزادة ولو بالقليل. كما أن تعلم اللغة يلح في الحاجة نوع ما إلى توافر الحماس والصبر في المتعلم.
      - قبل كل شي يجب أن يكون لديك الأربعة قواميس التالية:
      1. قاموس إنجليزي-إنجليزي (monolingual English dictionary )
      2. قاموس إنجليزي_عربي (English-Arabic dictionary)
      3. قاموس عربي-إنجليزي (Arabic-English dictionary)
      4. قاموس المترادفات الإنجليزية (Thesaurus)
      هذه القواميس مفتاح أساسي لا يجب أن تتهاون فيه كما لا يجب الاعتماد على قاموس قديم عفا عليه الزمن فاللغة متجددة والقاموس قابل للقدم بصورة سريعة كما لا يجب الاعتماد على معرفتك لموقع قاموس على شبكة الإنترنت فلا شك من انك لن تتمكن من الدخول للشبكة كلما أردت معرفة معنى كلمة. بخمسين ريال يمكنك الحصول على الأربعة قواميس والمبلغ هين إذا ما قيس بالاستفادة وأنا شخصيا أفضل الأربعة التالية على التوالي:
      1.Longman advanced American English dictionary.
      قاموس أكسفورد إنجليزي-عربي2.
      قاموس المورد عربي-إنجليزي3.
      4.Merriam-Webster thesaurus

      يحتار البعض في موضوع التركيز على أي اللهجتين الإنجليزيتين (البريطانية أو الأمريكية). لا يوجد هناك فرق كبير ولو أنني شخصيا أفضل الأمريكية للأسباب التالية:
      1.اللهجة الأمريكية أصعب في النطق والإنصات وتعلمك للإنجليزية الأمريكية يسهل تعلم البريطانية والعكس غير صحيح.
      2. أكثر الإنتاج الثقافي والفني الإنجليزي اليوم هو نتاج أمريكي ولا سيما التكنولوجيا والسينما.
      3. معظم الإصدارات الثقافية الإنجليزية تصدر من دور النشر الأمريكية مما يعزز من مكانة اللهجة الأمريكية.
      هذه الملاحظة أوردتها من باب الإيضاح والغريب في الأمر إن بعض الناس يؤكد على الإنجليزية البريطانية لا لسبب إلا لأنها الموطن الأم للغة. لا يجب أن نكون بهذا الضيق في الأفق خصوصا إذا ما تذكرنا تردي المستويات البريطانية مع نظيراتها الأمريكية في الكثير من المناحي.
      - إن من حسنات تعلم اللغة هو إمكانية مواصلة التعلم بشكل يومي مستمر. حاول دائما أن تبحث عن كل ما من شأنه زيادة ثروتك اللغوية في اللغة الإنجليزية وهذه بعض الأمثلة التي استفدت منها شخصيا:
      1. بعد سماع الأخبار على قناة الجزيرة والعربية واستيعاب أهم الأحداث ومجملاتها حاول سماعها مرة أخرى على قناة السي أن أن (CNN) والبي سي سي (BBC World) سوف تكتشف زيادة حصيلتك بصورة تلقائية دون الرجوع إلى قاموس في معظم الأحيان.
      2. حاول متابعة الأفلام الأجنبية وحاول توقع المعنى قبل قراءة الترجمة. أنصح باصطحاب القاموسين الأول والثالث. الأول لمعرفة استخدامات كلمة ما حال سماعها. إذا سمعت الكلمة بشكل عابر وعرفت معناها العربي فارجع الى القاموس الثالث لتجد الإملاء الصحيح للكلمة التي سمعتها.
      3. عادة ما نجد كتيبات وإعلانات و لوحات إرشادية وتحذيرية مكتوبة باللغتين. حاول استغلال هذه الفرصة. إقراء النصين وتعلم كيف تترجم كلمة ما من لغة لأخرى.

      - من أفضل وأجود الصفات في متعلم اللغة هو حبه للقراءة والإطلاع. إن صفة كهذه من الممكن أن توظف وتستثمر بصورة فعالة في زيادة المحصول اللغوي للمتعلم. وهذه بعض الأمثلة للاستفادة اللغوية:
      1. حاول أن تقرأ مواضيعك المحببة باللغة الإنجليزية. إذا كنت على سبيل المثال ملما بمجريات تاريخية ما أو أحداث سياسية أو موضوع علمي، قم بإعادة قراءته باللغة الإنجليزية حيث ستتمكن من زيادة حصيلتك من المفردات بدون الرجوع إلى قاموس في غالب الأحيان.
      2. حاول الحصول على أحد كتب الحقائق السنوية مثل (The world Almanac) و (Encyclopedia Britannica Almanac) فهذه الكتب تعطي القاريء معلومات سريعة ومفيدة وحديثة في شتى مناحي الحياة السياسية والتاريخية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والرياضية بصورة لا تبعث على الملل كبعض من الكتب.
      3. الإنترنت مكتبة عملاقة تحوي على ما هو أكبر من مواقع الدردشة والحوار والأغاني. الإنترنت من اعظم نعم العصر التي تتطلب التمكن في اللغة الإنجليزية للاستفادة بما لا يقل عن 95% من مصادرها. استغل هذه الوسيلة للقراءة والاطلاع على كل ما يهمك ويسرك معرفة المزيد عنه. إن قراءة موضوع ما باللغة الإنجليزية سيمكنك من الإلمام بجل مفرداته الرئيسة. فلو أدخلنا كلمة (استنساخ-cloning) في موقع (google.com) لتمكنا من الحصول على آلاف المواضيع واحد منها فقط كفيل بتعليمنا الكثير عن المفردات المتعلقة بالاستنساخ.
      4. حاول مشاهدة البرامج الوثائقية على القنوات التي تبث باللغة الإنجليزية فهناك الكثير من البرامج الشائقة على قنوات مثل (BBC-World) و (DW-TV). ولو كنت مشتركا في باقة القنوات المشفرة لوجدت ما هو أمتع على قنوات مثل (History) و (Discovery).
      5. إذا كنت ممن يشكون من التململ من الجري في القراءة في كتاب فبالإمكان البحث عن المواضيع التي تحبها من الإنترنت. غالبا ما تتوفر هذه المواضيع في حدود الثلاث صفحات. قم بسحب المواضيع المفضلة من الطابعة اقرأها على مهلك. من مميزات هذه الطريقة هو إمكانية التحديد بالقلم على الجمل والكلمات والتعابير الهامة وهو ما لا يتسنى لنا حين القراءة في كتاب تهمنا نظافته. من المواقع الرائعة والمحتوية على مواضيع كهذه موقع (howstuffworks.com).
      6. ما لايقل عن خمس ساعات أسبوعيا نضيعها في الانتظار. انتظار في المصالح الحكومية والمستشفيات وفي المرور وعند الحلاق الخ. من الممكن الاستفادة من هذا الوقت عن طريق القراءة. حاول الاحتفاظ بكتاب إنجليزي واحد على الأقل من الكتب التي تحبها في سيارتك إذا ما اضطررت للانتظار. طريقة رائعة لقتل الوقت والاستفادة منه خصوصا لمن لا يحتمل الانتظار فالاستفادة من هذه الوقت خير من التذمر أو صب جام غضب البعض على أخته أو والدته إذا ما تأخرت عليه لبعض الوقت.

      - يتذمر البعض من عدم استيعابه للمجلات الإنجليزية المحترفة مثل (Time) و (Business Week) و(National Geographic) و(Washington Post). إن هذه المجلات غالبا ما تكتب بلغة أدبية محترفة كما هو الحال في الأساليب التقريرية والأخبارية في اللغة العربية والتي تستخدم مصطلحات قل ما تستعمل في المحادثات اليومية. ولاستيعاب هذا النوع من الصحف يتطلب الإلمام بمفرداتها وهذه بعض الطرق المؤدية لتلك الغاية:
      1.حاول الاطلاع على المواقع الأخبارية على الإنترنت مثل (BBC) و (CNN). هذه المواقع عادة ما تكتب بنفس اللغة التي تكتب بها الصحف المذكورة أعلاه.
      2. توجد قائمة من 3500 كلمة من الكلمات المتداولة في الإنجليزية المكتوبة بكثرة. من الممكن الحصول عليها بالبحث في مواقع البحث مثل (Google) عن (GRE word list) حاول حفظ هذه القائمة. هناك طرق عديدة للحفظ كما في الفقرة التالية.

      -كلما زاد اهتمامك باللغة زادت الكلمات المتوجب حفظها يوميا. هذه بعض الطرق لحفظ الكلمات.
      1. احتفظ بدفتر ملاحظات صغير مع محفظتك. قم بكتابة كل ما هو جديد في لغتك. راجع الدفتر قبيل النوم أو حين انتظارك لشخص أو شيء ما. من الممكن أيضا الحفظ أثناء ممارسة رياضة المشي والتي كثيرا ما يتعذر فيها وجود مرافق فقائمة الكلمات قد تكون أحسن من المرافق أحيانا. لقد كنا أنا وصديقي نحفظ ما لا يقل عن 30 كلمة يوميا عندما نمشي الثلاثة كيلومترات على شارع الشاطئ بالقرم.
      2. من الممكن أيضا تسجيل الكلمات الجديدة على وريقات الملاحظات اللاصقة ووضعها في مكان بارز أمام مكتبك أو أمام الكمبيوتر أو التلفاز بحيث تراها أمامك دائما.

      - من معضلات البعض الصعوبة في نطق الكلمة رغم الإلمام بها وفهمها وهذه بعض الطرق للتغلب على هذه المشكلة:
      1. توجد قوائم بالكلمات المتشابهة في النطف (Homophones) حاول الاطلاع على هذه القوائم سوف تجد الكثير من الكلمات التي يصعب نطقها مماثلة في النطق لكلمات أخرى تعودت على نطقها. الكلمات التالية متشابهة في النطق في كل سطر:
      bell, belle
      aisle, I’ll, isle
      caws, cause
      hey, hay
      inflection, inflexion
      2. عند سماع الكلمة حاول تذكر نطقها بطريقة تقسيم المقاطع إلى كلمتين أو اكثر يسهل نطقها.
      3. حاول الحصول على قاموس ناطق في قرص مدمج. هذه القواميس تساعد وبشكل فعال في تعلم النطق. عند شرائك بعض القواميس (إنجليزي-إنجليزي) تحصل على قاموس ناطق مع الكتاب كما هو الحال عند شراء (Longman Advanced American English dictionary).

      وأخيرا أرجو أن تكون هذه الملاحظات عونا لكم تساعدكم في التعلم الذاتي للغة الإنجليزية. أرجو مراسلتي أو الرد هنا إذا كان لديكم أي ملاحظة أو أي شي أستطيع تقديمه لأخواني على الساحة.
      Inquisitive

    • [TABLE='width:70%;'][CELL='filter: shadow(color=coral,direction=135) glow(color=skyblue,strength=5);']
      Thanks a lot brother for this treasure
      I consider this topic a treasure because you wrote by yourself and you wrote the all important points to help us in learning English,

      About the dictionaries i still don't have number 4 but inshallah i am gonna to search after it and buy it.

      2- about the accent, i really never thougt which one should i focus on, but i try my best to watch both British and American movies to amphasis in the accent and try to see the differences between it. Butin last i prefer American movies because British movies are so boring but eventhough i try my best to watch them$$7

      3- I totally agree with you about listening. Personally, at the beginning i face many difficulties in understanding the whole news but i kept listening to it whenever i have the chance to hear it. Also, Oman FM help me so much in developing my listening in English because it introduces many interesting topics and use it a lot when i am in the car or in my room


      All what i can say, that i liked what you wrote because i am sure it will help us

      Also i have one other point, it is good to watch un translated movies because it will help you to focus a lot in listening to the words and trying to guese the meaning of it, besides the pronunciation of course:D

      Thanks a lot brother for sharing us your experince through this topic#d
      Your sister
      Whisper
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    • You are welcome sister,

      As a matter of fact, I came up with this topic out of a personal experience. I am still applying it and still enjoying its generous fruitions.

      There is one more point that I like to focus on, is the interest in English as a language. Beside mastering reading, writing, speaking and listening, some people have their interest beyound that objective. They focus on the pure linguistic side of English. e.g they have an eager curiosity to know about the origin of its words and how its grammatical components are compared to its Arabic counterparts. So those learners, in addition to understanding English grammar and vocabulary, go further to English philology and words etymology. This extra interest stimulates your love and appreciation to the language. But, I wouldn't recommend adopting this interest unless someone is confident enough about his grammar and vocabulary.

    • Thanks again brother for the ddetional point

      I wanna ask you about the point when you said that you used to study and memorize 30 words aday while you were walking with your friend. I am just wondering, do u choose a specific words or you just choose any words. i am really interested to know how do you do that. Hoping that you may help me to increase my poor vocabulary$$7

      Thanx again
      Whisper

    • Dear Whisper, In fact I am memorizng the GRE word list, going throgh it word by word. It is sometimes difficult to apprehend the word and memorize it but I always find this list is chosen very selectively. It is the kind of vocabulary that will enable you to read the professional magazines, such as Time and National Geographic in a very effective way.

      I have seen this list being recommended in many texts. GRE that stands for Graduate Record Examination, is basically an exam given to graduate students in science and engineering in the USA as a prerequsite to their admission. Most of the verbal section in that test will be given from this list.
      This list can be found on the net at the following links


      vyomworld.com/gre/wl.asp
      soundkeepers.com/GRE

      I am not sure if these on-line lists includes all of 3500 word, I think the second does; but if not, I have the list in MS word documents as well as in a hard copy.

    • [TABLE='width:70%;'][CELL='filter: shadow(color=skyblue,direction=135) glow(color=teal,strength=5);']
      The first link gives me a huge number of Vocab but the second one offers some word list lists as examles to buy the GRE books .

      So i am gonna to focus in the first link hoping that i could memorize all these words and know the meaning of each word. So i am going to do my best.
      Thanx a lot brother

      Keep it up


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    • For building your vocabulary, you can also check books like, Merriam-Webster Vocabulary builder. You will find so many books organized in different ways. Some of them like the above-mentioned go with prefixes and suffixes and list all of their derivatives. Another type of vocabulary books groups words under a specific subject like, food, animal, …etc.

      If you are more concerned by basic things vocabulary, try reading on visual vocabulary books.

      This list of tips is very useful, I believe. Check it out:

      webster.commnet.edu/grammar/vocabulary.htm

    • Dear, inquisitive, many thanks for such a valueable topic. I admire all what you've wrote and appreciate all the hard work you've put into it. I hope that all members will find it more than useful. I know i do

      I dont have any comments to add, apart from one little thing that concerns memorising vocabulary! I dont know, it can be just me! Anyway, it is always a good idea to increase our vocabulary but we've got to be careful whilest doing that! What am trying to say is that, its not good enough to just try to memorise words! You need to learn how to put them in a sentence and know the cases and times in which they are used in and at. You also need to go over them from time to time, otherwise you'll certainly forget them. This is what i meant by being careful! See we as humans tend to easily forget, unless reminded

    • Dear the Master
      I have already thought of that point; memorizing the word and knowing how to put it in a sentence.
      First, I am sorry that I wasn't able to explain all of my thoughts on building vocabulary.
      On this point, talking about the GRE list, I memorize to understand professional writings.
      It is so hard for many of us to fully understand a professional journal and know how to use its vocabulary very well but it is so easy if the target is just to understand when we read or lestin.
      On the other hand, we should always learn how to deliver the meaning by using simpler vocabulary. This aim can be reached by using Arabic-English dictionary and then crosschecking in an English-English dictionary to know exctly how to use the word.

      I know that the process seems complicated but just bear in mind that it is a life-long learning process. Never miss a day without adding something to your English
      one of my learning methods was to choose a random subject like "If I was asked to talk about the prophet Mohammed's biography, how would I present it?" then I move on trying to talk about his life from birth to death in English. When I stuck I used to write that point in Arabic. At the end, I used to see where I failed to explain in English with the aid of Arabic-English dictionary. After finding those points in Arabic, I repeat the whole process in English once or twice. I found it helpful.
      so the bottom line, I think we should learn some vocabulary to understand high English and some other to learn how to express something in English.
      I hope it is clearer now.

    • I tried to look after the word lists and tried to choose a list from them but i couldn't|y because i find it a little difficult to just memorize them. Therefore, i have a decision and I hope that you will accept it dear Inquisitive with the help and participation of the rest of the members as i wish.
      Why don't you try to list a group of words to us each time and give us a time to study them. Also, if we try to discuss them and try to put them in sentences that will help the. SO we could also use it while we are here replying in some topics. So what do you think about it?
      And about English members? are you with me at this point.. I am sure that will be a competition between the members to study more words,, don't you think it is a good idea$$e


      Also, our dear advisor The master if you don't mind can you stich this topic because i am sure that the rest of members will like to be in the sticking topics,,;)

      Witl all my regards
      Whisper

    • Ok
      so i guess i have a responsible task ahead.
      Well, would you please give me some time to come up with a useful and effective task
      Unfortunately, I don't have all of my refrences with me. Please give me sometime to search for and arrange something helpful in respect to vocabulary building.
      I urge all of the members here to come up with their ideas nd thoughts on this, personal experiences would be highly appreciated.

    • كاتب الرسالة الأصلية : The Master
      [B]First of all, thank you, dear inquisitive, for the clarefication. As for the suggestion brought by, Whisper, well i find it very interesting and worth while implementing. This would be very useful for all of us. So, how about the rest of you?! Are you up to it
       [/B]


      I am afraid that we are the only one who participate in this topic$$t ..but the rest are participating by reading our comments and replies:D
      Well i am sure they will agree with us in each step we step in this topic#e

    • I am very sorry for my late reply, I have been thinking of an effective plan for vocabulary building. I think it is a very difficult task to come up with a general strategy that would equally benefit all of us. A learner who works in a hospital would be more concerned by medical vocabulary that he would by engineering vocabulary. I could bring a list of words for you but I wouldn’t do it. It might be destructive or inappropriate for some of us.
      However, we can outline a very general plan for vocabulary building. Have you ever noticed the development of your Arabic vocabulary throughout your life? We usually start with the basic vocabulary of our surroundings. This can be found in vocabulary lists sorted by subject such as food, transportation, animal, home appliances etc. These lists can be found in cheap books usually titled “Learn English in 5 days” and of its kind. I wouldn’t recommend these books to learn grammar or to develop your language. Just look for their neatly organized vocabulary lists. After mastering those basic lists, we can then move on to other fields vocabulary i.e. the very general vocabulary in science, politics, culture…etc. For this step, I used to read the “Tell Me Why?” series and that kind of books intended for children and teen native speakers. “Reference of World Encyclopedia for Children” is another book I used for learning this type of vocabulary. A very nice book that I bought from Muscat Market and Bakery a year ago.
      I am sorry again about that, I just don’t want to confuse you. However, there is a more interesting list to think about which is “Phrasal Verbs”. A phrasal verb is composed of more than one word. It is very helpful in making our language straightforward and less wordy. Phrasal verbs may look simple and easy when you look at them but they can make significant improvement in your language. Sometimes we wonder why we understand other people’s English, yet we cannot speak as clearly as they do. Mastering phrasal verbs is one of the keys towards that objective.

      For example, pay off means to pay all, so instead of saying “I want to pay all of my debts” it would be less wordy to say “I want to pay off my debts”. Look at how phrasal verbs make the difference in the following sentences:

      I haven’t taken the advantage of that opportunity = I have passed up that opportunity.
      I found an interesting article by chance= I ran across an interesting article.

      Pass up = not to take the advantage of
      Run across= to find by chance

      I will soon get you a list of widely used phrasal verbs.

      P.S. Although you may think that phrasal verb is an option to use, it is widely used in colloquial and formal English. If you are not going to use it, you still need to know what it means.

    • I was hoping to find a list of vocabulary so i could soon start to study and memorize them during the weekend..But i think it is selfishness to axcept that soon from you coz i am, sure it is hard for you to bring for us the situable list,,So i want to apologize$$7 and i am sure you are going to come up with something in next days..

      And take your time coz there is nothing push us to rush in

      Hope you all luck in each step you are gonna to take through this topic

      Whisper

    • It seems that I cannot wait untill the weekend starts. Whisper is expecting something by then. Here we go:

      add up - add
      back up - cause to move backwards; support; blow up; cause to explode; destroy by explosives
      break down - analyze; list the parts of separately
      break into - go into a house or room forcibly; suddenly; begin; bring about - cause to happen
      bring off - accomplish
      bring on - cause
      bring out - publish; emphasize
      bring over - bring
      bring to - revive
      bring up - raise; care for from childhood
      brush out - brush the inside of
      burn down - destroy by burning
      burn up - consume by fire
      buy out - by the other person's share of a business
      buy up - buy the whole supply of
      call off - cancel; order away
      call up - telephone; summon for military service
      calm down - become calm
      carry on - continue
      carry out - fulfill; complete; accomplish; perform
      carry over - carry; continue at another time or place
      cheer up - cause to become cheerful
      chew up - chew thoroughly
      chop up - chop into small pieces
      clean off - clean the surface of
      clean out - clean the inside of
      clean up - clarify; tidy
      clear out - clear the surface of
      clear up - clear the inside of
      close down - close permanently
      close up - close temporarily
      count in - include
      count out - exclude
      count up - calculate; count; add to a total
      cross out - eliminate
      cut off - interrupt; sever; amputate
      cut out - eliminate; delete
      cut down - reduce in quantity
      draw up - write; compose (a document)
      dress up - put clothes on; adorn
      dust out - dust the inside of
      eat up - eat completely
      figure out - interpret; understand
      figure up - compute
      fill in - complete (a printed form)
      fill out - complete (a printed form)
      fill up - fill completely (a container)
      find out - discover
      fix up - repair; arrange in a suitable manner
      get across - cause to be understood
      give back - return
      give out - distribute; announce
      give up - surrender something
      hand down - deliver; pronounce formally; leave as an inheritance
      hand over - yield control of
      hang up - suspend
      have on - be dressed in
      have over - entertain someone informally at one's home
      hold off - delay; restrain
      hold up - delay; rob; threaten with a weapon
      keep up - continue; keep the same pace
      leave out - omit
      let down - disappoint
      let out - release from confinement; make larger (in sewing)
      light up - light; illuminate thoroughly
      live down - live in such a way as to cause something to be forgotten
      make over - remake
      move over - move to the side
      pass out - distribute
      pass up - not take advantage of (as an opportunity)
      pass on - transmit
      pay back - repay
      pay off - discharge a debt completely; give someone his final pay
      pick up - come to meet an escort; lift with hands or fingers; learn casually;
      initiate an association publicly
      play down - minimize
      play up - emphasize
      point out - indicate
      pull down - pull in a downward direction; raze
      push across - cause to be understood or accepted
      put off - postpone
      put on - dress in; deceive or fool
      put up - preserve (food); receive as an overnight guest
      quiet down - be quiet
      ring up - the telephone
      rinse off - rinse the surface of
      rinse out - rinse the inside of
      rule out - eliminate
      run down - trace; disparage; hit with a vehicle
      run off - cause to depart; reproduce mechanically
      save up - accumulate
      see through - complete; in spite of difficulties
      see off - accompany someone to the beginning of a trip
      send back - send to a place where formerly located
      send over - send to where someone is
      set up - arrange
      show off - exhibit ostentatiously
      shut off - cause to cease functioning
      slow up - cause to move more slowly
      spell out - enumerate; state in detail
      stand up - fail to keep an appointment with
      sweep out - sweep the inside of
      take back - return; retract a statement
      take down - remove from a high position; write from dictation
      take in - understood; fool; deceive; make smaller (in sewing)
      take over - take; assume command of
      tear down - destroy
      tear up - tear into small pieces
      tell off - scold; reprimand
      think over - consider
      think through - consider from beginning to end
      think up - create; invent
      throw away - discard
      throw over - reject
      tie up - tie securely or tight
      tire out - cause to be exhausted
      touch up - repair
      try on - put on a garment to verify the fit
      try out - test
      turn down - refuse; lower the volume
      turn out - produce; force into exile, extinguish (a light)
      wash off - wash the surface of
      wash out - wash the inside of
      wear out - use until no longer usable; tire greatly
      wind up - finish, tighten the spring of a watch or machine
      wipe off - wipe the surface of
      wipe out - wipe the inside of; decimate
      work out - solve
      write down - record
      write out - write down every detail; spell out
      write up - compose; prepare (a document)
      back out of - desert; fail to keep a promise
      bear down on - lean on; browbeat
      bear on - have to do with
      bear up under - endure
      break in on - interrupt
      break into - interrupt
      call for - come to get; require
      care for - like; guard; supervise; maintain
      carry on with - continue
      catch up with - cover the distance between oneself and
      check up on - examine; verify
      come across - find accidentally
      come along with - accompany; make progress
      come by - find accidentally
      come down with - become ill with
      come out with - utter; produce
      come up with - utter; produce
      count on - rely on
      cut in on - interrupt
      disagree with - cause illness or discomfort to
      do away with - abolish
      do without - deprive oneself of
      drop in at/on - visit casually without planning
      drop out of - leave; quit
      face up to - acknowledge
      fall behind in - lag; not progress at required pace
      fall back on - use for emergency purpose
      fall out with - quarrel with
      fill in for - substitute for
      get ahead of - surpass; beat
      get around - evade; avoid
      get away with - do without being caught or punished
      get by with - manage with a minimum of effort
      get down to - become serious about; consider
      get in - enter (a vehicle)
      get off - descend from; leave
      get on - enter (a vehicle); mount
      get on with - proceed with
      get through with - terminate, finish
      go back on - desert; fail to keep (a promise)
      go for - like a great deal
      go in for - be interested in; participate in
      go on with - continue
      go over - review
      go with - harmonize with; look pleasing together
      go without - abstain from
      hang around - remain idly in the vicinity of
      hear from - receive a communication from
      hear of - learn about (sometimes accidentally)
      hit on - discover accidentally
      hold on to - grasp tightly
      hold out against - resist
      keep at - persevere at
      keep to - persist in; continue
      keep up with - maintain the pace of
      lie down on - evade; fail to do
      live on - support or sustain oneself by means of
      live up to - maintain the standard demanded of
      look after - take care of
      look back on - remember nostalgically
      look down on - feel superior to
      look forward to - anticipate
      look up to - respect; admire
      make up for - compensate for
      pass on - transmit
      pick on - tease; bully
      play up to - flatter for personal advantage
      put up with - tolerate
      read up on - search out information on
      run against - compete against in an election
      run away with - leave; escape from
      run for - campaign for
      see about - consider; arrange
      see to - arrange; supervise
      settle on - decide on; choose
      stand for - represent; permit
      stand up for - support; demand
      stand up to - resist
      stick to - persist
      stick up for - support; defend
      take after - resemble
      talk back to - answer impolitely
      talk over - discuss
      tell on - report misbehavior to authority
      touch on - mention briefly
      turn into - become
      wait on - serve
      wait up for - not go to bed while waiting for
      watch out for - be careful for
      back down - retreat from a position in an argument
      back out - desert; fail to keep a promise
      back up - move backwards
      bear up - endure
      blow in - drop in to visit unexpectedly
      blow over - pass without doing harm
      blow up - explode; lose one's temper
      call up - telephone
      calm down - become calm
      carry on - continue as before; misbehave
      catch on - understand
      catch up - cover the distance between oneself and a moving goal
      check up - investigate
      check out - leave; pay one's bill
      cheer up - become cheerful
      clear out - leave
      clear up - become clear
      close down - close permanently
      close up - close temporarily
      came about - happen
      come along - accompany; make progress
      come back - return
      come by - visit someone in his home
      come out - appear; make a social debut
      come over - come to someone's house, to where someone is
      come through - succeed
      come to - regain consciousness
      cut in - interrupt
      die away - fade; diminish
      die down - fade; diminish
      die off/out - disappear; become extinct
      dress up - don fancy or unusual clothes
      drive back - return by car
      drop in - visit someone casually without planning
      drop out - abandon some organized activity; leave; quit
      drop over - visit someone casually
      fall behind - not progress at required pace
      fall off - decrease; lose weight
      fall through - fail; not be accomplished
      fill in - substitute
      find out - learn
      fly back - return by air
      fly over - fly to where someone is
      get ahead - make progress
      get along - have a friendly relationship
      get around - circulate; move about
      get away - escape
      get by - manage; either just barely or with a minimum of effort
      get in - enter
      get off - descend from leave
      get on - enter (a vehicle); mount (a horse, etc.)
      get on/along - progress; be compatible
      get up - rise
      get through - finish
      give out - become exhausted
      give up - surrender; fail to finish
      go back - return
      go off - explode
      go on - happen; continue
      go out - stop burning; leave one's residence
      go over - go; succeed
      grow up - mature
      hang around - remain idly; dawdle
      hang up - replace a telephone receive on its hook
      hold on - grasp tightly; persevere; wait while telephoning
      hold out - continue to resist; persevere; persist
      keep on - continue
      keep up - maintain the required pace or standard; continue
      let up - diminish in intensity
      lie down - recline
      look on - be a spectator
      make out - progress; succeed
      make up - become reconciled
      move over - move to the side
      pan out - turn out well; be successful
      pass out - become unconscious
      pass on - die
      pick up - grow; increase
      pull in - arrive
      pull out - deport
      pull through - survive (barely)
      ride over - ride to where someone is
      run away - escape; leave; leave quickly without permission
      run down - slowly lose power so as to stop functioning
      run off - depart running; drain
      sell out - sell the ownership or responsibility
      settle up - pay one's bills or debts
      show off - boast by words or actions
      show up - arrive; appear unexpectedly
      shut up - stop talking
      slow up - reduce speed
      stand by - wait; be prepared to assist
      stand up - stand; rise from sitting; last; endure
      stay over - remain at someone's house overnight or longer
      step aside - move to one side
      take off - leave the ground
      take over - assume command
      talk back - answer impolitely
      throw up - vomit
      turn around - turn so that one is facing another direction
      turn in - go to bed
      turn out - succeed; come; appear, as at a public meeting
      turn up - arrive; be found unexpectedly
      wait up - remain awake in anticipation
      wake up - awaken
      walk back - return on foot to where one was
      walk over - walk to where someone is
      wash out - fade or disappear from washing
      watch out - be careful
      wear off - fade; disappear through use or time
      wear out - become unusable through use; become used up
      work out - be successful

    • What a fantastic and helpful topic

      Well brother I'm in my first step in learning English and all what you have mention are really helpful in learning English

      I really enjoy ur topic and hope that my poor vocab improve

      My big problem is that I always forget the vocab I learn and I really don’t know how to solve this awful problem but some time I read the vocab I learn before bed just like when I read stories and keep replying until i close my eyes .... Sometime I wakeup and still replying it ... other times I dream them#i #i

      After all I'll do my best and I won't despair so I could improve my poor language

      Thanks a lot for ur list and I'll do my best to study it carefully

      Ho yes ... other thing brother do u have any other English weep that may help us ??

      Thanks again


      My regards
      $$e

    • Scream, Whisper and Anissah Qunbula you are all welcome

      Anissah Qunbula , don't be so frustrated about forgetting what you just memorize. We all forget and usually find it hard to retrieve everything we have learnt. However, I am sure that your memorization helps you at least in reading if nor writing. Although you cannot find the word when you speak or write but I am sure you can soon recall it hen you read or lestin. I rarely get accustomed to using a word in speaking, writing, lestining and reading after learning it for the first time. The best way to get hold of a word is by reading. Check the dictionary for difficult words, even if you lost the word from your memory, you will get it back when you come across it for a second or third time. So reading is important here, it gives us the oppurtunity to get across words we learnt in the past and so helps us memorize them.
      Never ignore a new word just because you don't think you will need it sometime later, keep it a habit to check new words in the dictionary. You will check it for the first time to learn it, the second to remember it and the third if necessary to make ure about it. so if you read enough you will not have to chaeck for a word for ever. Also, the more vocabulary you have , the easier memorization process will be over the time.
      For example, the Word (Balik) means Fish in Turkish, who is more elligable to memorizing it you or a Turkish person who haven't heard of it but he knows Turkish? Of course he will. Don't you think so? I don't know Turkish by the way, it was onw of few words I knew and got s an example :)
      So always bear in mind that learning a lnguage is a lifetime process.
      hope that helps
      ,

    • Salaam again
      Yes, it seems that nobody wants to participate in this topic. I am very sorry for not being able to keep posting more on this topic. I have been so busy for the last few weeks.

      I would still love to get your feedback here, I am not sure if this topic helpful or not if I don't get any feedback. Even if you think it is useless and doesn't make any sense, let's know.

      The new point that I want to add and think it would be of great help to Arab learners, is the articles i.e. a, an and the. Articles in English are used in a completely different way than they are in arabic. This difference has made articles misplacement one of the most frequent errors amongst Arab learners. This problem is very common even among the advanced-level learners. I am still struggling to get rid of this problem. I have found these instructions on how to correctly place articles. I hope they will help


      Articles


      1. Countable vs. Noncountable
      A and an are used if the noun can be counted.

      I stepped in a puddle. (How many puddles did you step in? Just one. Therefore, use a.)
      I drank a glass of milk. (Glasses of milk can be counted)
      I saw an apple tree. (Apple trees can be counted)
      The must be used when the noun cannot be counted.




      I dove into the water. (How many waters did you dive into? The question doesn't make any sense because water is noncountable. Therefore, use the.)
      I saw the milk spill. (How many milks? Milk cannot be counted)
      I admired the foliage. (How many foliages? Foliage cannot be counted)




      2. First vs. Subsequent Mention
      A or an is used to introduce a noun when it is mentioned for the first time in a piece of writing. The is used afterward each time you mention that same noun.

      An awards ceremony at the Kremlin would not normally have attracted so much attention. But when it was leaked that Soviet President Konstantin Chernenko would be presenting medals to three cosmonauts, interest in the ceremony intensified. Time, Sept. 17, 1984.
      Note: There is and there are can be used to introduce an indefinite noun at the beginning of a paragraph or essay.

      There is a robin in the tree outside my window. When my cat jumps up on the desk, the robin flies away.

      3. General vs. Specific
      A, an, and the can all be used to indicate that a noun refers to the whole class to which individual countable nouns belong. This use of articles is called generic, from the Latin word meaning "class."

      A tiger is a dangerous animal. (any individual tiger)
      The tiger is a dangerous animal. (all tigers: tiger as a generic category)
      The difference between the indefinite a and an and the generic a and an is that the former means any one member of a class while the latter means all of the members of a class.

      The omission of articles also expresses a generic (or general) meaning:

      no article with a plural noun: Tigers are dangerous animals. (all tigers)
      no article with a noncountable noun: Anger is a destructive emotion. (any kind of anger)


      Omission of Articles
      While some nouns combine with one article or the other based on whether they are countable or noncountable, others simply never take either article. Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:

      1. Names of languages and nationalities
      Chinese
      English
      Spanish
      Russian
      2. Names of sports
      volleyball
      hockey
      baseball
      3. Names of academic subjects
      mathematics
      biology
      history
      computer science

    • There is a well-known English grammar book that I found very helpful. It's titled "English Grammar in Use", it comes in three levels: elementary (red cover), intermediate (dark blue cover) and advanced (maroon cover).

      If you think you still have to improve your grammar, go and check it out. These days, I am spending my free time studying it. 
      :D